Another branch of government in Mexico?
Is the Mexican army an administrative branch of government that operates beyond the rule of law?
Body Count Points to a Mexican Military Out of Control
In the history of modern war, fighters are much more likely to injure their enemies than kill them.
But in Mexico, the opposite is true…
In many forms of combat between armed groups, about four people are injured for each person killed, according to an assessment of wars since the late 1970s by the International Committee of the Red Cross. Sometimes, the number of wounded is even higher.
But the body count in Mexico is reversed. The Mexican Army kills eight enemies for every one it wounds…
And yet the military remains largely untouched, protected by a government loath to crack down on the only force able to take on the fight. Little has been done to investigate the thousands of accusations of torture, forced disappearances and extrajudicial killings that have mounted since former President Felipe Calderón began his nation’s drug war a decade ago…
Some critics call the killings a form of pragmatism: In Mexico, where fewer than 2 percent of murder cases are successfully prosecuted, the armed forces kill their enemies because they cannot rely on the shaky legal system…
The unique relationship between the military and the government dates back more than 70 years, to the period after the country emerged from civil war. To maintain stability, historians say, the governing Institutional Revolutionary Party reached a pact with the armed forces: In exchange for near total autonomy, the military would not interfere in politics.
Unlike many nations in Latin America, Mexico has never suffered a coup…
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Labels: Mexico, military, politics, rule of law
Primer on referenda
It became a prime topic this past year. (More complicated, I think, than necessary.) With the British vote on EU membership next month, the importance might hang over into next year. Here is a link to
The Economist's briefing.
Referendumania
Europe is seeing a rising tide of referendums. In the 1970s, on average, three were held each year. Now the figure is eight…
Fans of direct democracy argue that it engages citizens. Referendums “stimulate debate"…
But the recent referendums are not just wholesome exercises in civic engagement. They also reflect widespread alienation from politics and anger at the governing class. Support for old political parties has withered, while populist, anti-EU parties are gaining ground. Governments derided as elitist and out of touch find it hard to resist calls to submit controversial issues to a popular vote…
Some referendums are called by mainstream politicians trying to fend off pressure from populists… Others are pushed by populist leaders mustering ammunition against… policies they dislike…
Referendum fever poses several problems. For a start, it makes it increasingly hard to agree on transnational policies. Treaties are generally signed by governments and then ratified by legislatures. Adding referendums to the mix hugely complicates matters. “It’s almost impossible now to see how 28 states would ratify an EU reform treaty,” says Stefan Lehne of Carnegie Europe, a think-tank. Minorities of voters in smaller countries may be able to stymie Europe-wide policies…
… some argue that human rights should not be subject to majority vote. What a majority gives, it can also take away…
The idea that referendums foster engagement is questionable, too. As they have proliferated, the median turnout for nationwide referendums has fallen from 71% in the early 1990s to 41% in the past few years (see chart)…
Paradoxically, then, referendums may end up increasing voters’ alienation. In countries such as Switzerland, the political system has adjusted to them. But elsewhere… they tend to make politicians look as if they do not know what they are doing….
Direct democracy is fine for things that don’t matter, such as the Eurovision song contest. But it is no way to run a country, let alone a continent.
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Labels: concepts, referendum
Sign of the power?
Political power is displayed in many ways in the Iranian regime. This is one.
Powerful Iranian Council Selects Hard-Liner as Chairman
An Iranian council that would have the authority to select a new supreme leader elected an 89-year-old hard-liner as its chairman…
The council, the Assembly of Experts, holds an increasingly important role in light of concerns about the health of the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei…
 |
| Ayatollah Jannati |
The selection of Ayatollah Jannati, who won a majority of the 86 votes, suggested that seniority was a higher priority than the preference of voters. During parliamentary elections in February, Ayatollah Jannati managed to secure the last of 16 seats in the Tehran constituency, barely making the threshold.
It also signals new obstacles for a coalition of reformists and moderates who are seeking very modest changes in the Islamic republic, analysts say.
In addition to his new post, Ayatollah Jannati heads the influential Guardian Council, a vetting body that disqualified over 3,000 reformist candidates for the parliamentary elections…
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Labels: Iran, leadership, politics, regime
Queen's speech, 2016
The Queen's speech marks the beginning of a new session of Parliament and outlines the government's agenda.
If you haven't seen the ceremony, it's worth watching.
Queen's Speech: Prison shake-up at heart of new laws
The government's planned new laws have been set out by the Queen - including the biggest prison shake-up in England and Wales "since Victorian times"…
The 21-Bill agenda also includes support for a spaceport and driverless cars - but a planned British Bill of Rights has been put on hold.
David Cameron called it "a One Nation speech from a One Nation government"…
The speech is being seen as an attempt to secure a legacy of social reform for the prime minister but critics say it will be overshadowed by 23 June's referendum on whether Britain should remain in the EU, which has split the Cabinet…
But the government was still pre-occupied with the EU referendum and the fear that "if they don't win David Cameron might not be prime minister in six or seven weeks' time", she added.
The Queen made only the briefest of direct references to her government holding "a referendum on membership of the European Union".
But - in a move that may be seen as an attempt to reassure voters ahead of the EU referendum - she added: "My ministers will uphold the sovereignty of Parliament and the primacy of the House of Commons."…
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Labels: parliament, policies, politics, UK
in·ter·mit·tent
Pronunciation: \-ˈmi-tənt\
Function: adjective
Etymology: Latin intermittent-, intermittens, present participle of intermittere
Date: 1601
coming and going at intervals : not continuous
; also : occasional
—
in·ter·mit·tent·ly adverb
Source: Mirriam-Webster Online Dictionary
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Intermittent
Retrieved 15 May 2015
Postings here will be less frequent than they have been.
Extraordinary things that I notice will be posted.
I expect to get back on a 5-days-a-week schedule in August.
Remember that nearly all the over 3,800 entries here are indexed.
Use the search box in the right hand sidebar to find a country or a concept that you're interested in.
And, if your web browser allows it, there's a search box at the top left corner of the blog that will sort through key words. (The search box shows up on my Safari and Netscape browsers on my desktop computer but not on my laptop.)
If you find a bit of information that might be useful for teaching comparative politics or if you have a question, post it at the
AP Comparative Government and Politics Facebook page or send me a note.
Unfree press
Russian president Putin is not fond of independent reporting. What does he fear from investigative journalism when his popularity ratings are so high?
Removal of Top Editors Signals Trouble for Independent Russian Paper
Three senior editors at the media organization controlled by Mikhail Prokhorov, the Russian billionaire and Brooklyn Nets owner, left their jobs on Friday, apparently victims of the Kremlin’s ire for reporting too many details about the family and friends of President Vladimir V. Putin.
The departure of the three editors from the RBC newspaper and news service was widely viewed as the death knell for one of Russia’s last independent paper…
Dmitri S. Peskov, Mr. Putin’s spokesman, denied on Friday that the RBC editors’ departure had anything to do with pressure from the Kremlin…
Most analysts expect that Mr. Prokhorov will be pushed to sell the company to some friend of the Kremlin who will turn it into another government mouthpiece…
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Labels: censorship, politics, Russia
2016 FRQs
Here's my estimate of points on these questions.
I usually overestimate the number of points, but it's difficult to know what the rubric will demand for an explanation or whether partial answers will earn partial credit.
Points for FRQs
- 3 points; 1 definition, 1 example, 1 consequence
- 3 points: 1 cause, 2 reasons
- 3 or 4 points; 1 example of correlation; 1 example of causal relationship; 1 or 2 points for explanation
- 3 points; 2 examples of domestic factors; 1 example of international factor
- 3 or 4 points; 2 descriptions; 1 or 2 points for explanation
- 6−9 points; 3 points for descriptions; 3-6 points for explanations
- 7-10 points; 4 points for descriptions; 3-6 points for explanations
- 6-7 points; 5 points for descriptions; 1-2 points for explanations
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The Comparative Government and Politics Review Checklist.
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and
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Labels: pedagogies
No apologies necessary. Action welcome.
The British PM was overheard to say that Nigeria was "fantastically corrupt." Did an international incident follow? No. Here's why.
Nigerian President Buhari 'not demanding' Cameron apology
 |
| Buhari |
Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari says he is not demanding "any apology from anybody" after UK Prime Minister David Cameron labelled his country "fantastically corrupt".
Speaking at an anti-corruption event in London, Mr Buhari said he was more interested in the return of stolen assets held in British banks…
Mr Buhari's address at the anti-corruption event at the Commonwealth Secretariat in London followed a statement from his office on Wednesday, saying that he had been "deeply shocked and embarrassed" by Mr Cameron's remarks.
Asked if Nigeria was "fantastically corrupt", in an echo of the prime minister's comments, Mr Buhari responded: "Yes."
Speaking to the BBC, Mr Buhari said what the new Nigerian government found when it came to power proved Mr Cameron was right.
"He was telling the truth. He was talking about what he knew," Mr Buhari said.
Nigeria was ranked 136 out of 167 countries in Transparency International's 2015 Corruption Perceptions Index…
Mr Buhari praised the UK government for its help in efforts to repatriate stolen funds held in the UK…
"What would I do with an apology? I need something tangible," Mr Buhari said, referring to efforts to recover the money…
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Labels: corruption, Nigeria, UK
Good luck
You've studied and learned.
You will need some luck,
(There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy. - Hamlet (1.5.167-8), Hamlet to Horatio)
but your knowledge and skills will serve you well.
Read every word on the exam.
Respond to every verb.
Offer the best answers.
And good luck.
Teaching Comparative blog entries are indexed. Use the search box to look for country names or concept labels attached to each entry.
Hints for FRQ success
Six years ago, Mr. Frank Franz, who teaches in Virginia offered a list of great suggestions that will help you write better responses to FRQs.
I posted them then, five years ago, four years ago, three years ago, two years ago, last year, and here they are once again.
I think these ideas are excellent. The only thing I’d add to the list would be to paraphrase the question as an introduction. In the last few years some rubrics have insisted that responses have introductions that label what is being discussed.
Here's what Mr. Franz wrote:
Here's the strategy I place on every FRQ I give my students. I believe it helps them focus on the questions and will help them earn as high of a score as possible. Some of these ideas are my own and some are from colleagues who have served as readers and table leaders.
Free Response Strategy
• Mark-up the question on the question sheet.
• Count up how many points you are trying to earn. (Look for number references, count the verbs)
• Write as many sentences as there are points.
• Write simple, declarative sentences.
• Answer the question asked. Nothing else.
• Answer every part of the question.
• Look for time references, patterns, and passage of time.
• Do not argue with the premise of the prompt.
• Skip a line between parts, but do not label.
Go ahead and thank Mr. Franz.
Labels: pedagogy
Want a hint for doing well on the FRQs on the exam on Thursday?
I have said it since early in this century.
Students have said it was the best advice I offered.
READ THE VERBS!
And do what you are asked to do.
Labels: pedagogy
The politics of economics
Maybe Putin is not all-powerful, but by this analysis, he might get all the blame for economic problems.
Putin Took Credit for the Boom. Now There’s a Bust.
Today, the economic troubles that Mr. Putin [made] a big show of solving are back, only worse and involving far more intractable problems than just the “trivial greed” of tycoons…
Russia’s current crisis, though largely caused by market forces beyond the Kremlin’s control, notably a slump in the prices of oil and gas, has pushed Mr. Putin into a corner. After years of taking credit for a booming economy, which also had little to do with his actions, and casting himself as a can-do leader capable of untying the toughest economic and political knots, he faces a crisis that has exposed the stark limits of his power and prowess.
A recent rebound in oil prices has lifted hopes in the Kremlin that the worst of Russia’s economic storm has passed, but it has also highlighted just how much Mr. Putin’s fortunes depend on unpredictable and uncontrollable outside forces…
[T]hroughout his 16 years in power, whether as president or prime minister, Mr. Putin has presented an image of an omniscient and omnipresent leader interested in and capable of addressing his country’s most microscopic concerns…
On a nationally televised call-in show last month, Mr. Putin displayed omnivorous interest in the concerns of ordinary people. At the same time, he dropped his customary swagger in response to a flood of questions about the economy, acknowledging that this year there would be yet more contraction, instead of growth as he predicted on the same show last year.
“It is difficult to say exactly where the bottom lies,” he conceded. Russia, Mr. Putin said, “is going through a gray period.” …
The downturn seems to be taking a toll on Mr. Putin’s standing, or at least faith in his policies, as Russians’ fascination and delight with his foreign ventures wanes and pocketbook issues increasingly dominate public worries. Around half of those polled this year by the independent Levada Center said they thought Russia was moving in the “right direction,” compared with 64 percent last summer.
All the same, Mr. Putin remains hugely popular, with 73 percent of those polled in March saying they trusted the president. This is down from 83 percent in the same month last year but still far above what any Western leader can muster…
With low global energy prices and Western sanctions over the Ukraine conflict crimping Russia’s prospects of recovery, the economy has hit a wall. It simply cannot compete with China, the United States or even the European nations that Russian state media constantly portray as fading has-beens. The easy and popular fixes the Kremlin used in the past to resuscitate the economy — or at least placate the public — have all been exhausted…
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Labels: economics, leadership, politics, Russia
Democratic action without democracy?
If a regime is built to frustrate the will of the people, is it possible for "subversives" to act in ways to facilitate following the will of the people?
The author is Shervin Malekzadeh, a visiting assistant professor at Swarthmore College. He is a political scientist whose research interests include the politics of identity and modern state formation. He is a regular visitor to Iran.
How Iranians’ use of an app is changing politics and civil society
In recent years, platforms such as Instagram and Facebook have become effective instruments for the mobilization of voter participation in Iranian elections… Though a crucial component in the current reformist strategy to use the vote… as part of the long march of incrementalism is hardly the stuff of revolutions. Largely unnoticed outside of Iran and lacking the dramatics of large-scale protests, Iranians’ use of their tablets and smartphones to persuade each other — and themselves — to participate in a deeply flawed electoral system nonetheless offers the best measure of citizenship and civil society in Iran today. It is the manner of their participation that we need to pay more attention to, the ad hoc mobilization of millions of families and friends in the days and weeks leading up to election day, a ground game almost always self-forming and rooted in an informal politics from below.
Over the past year these efforts have converged on a single messaging application, Telegram. Last month, Narges Bajoghli described how Telegram’s end-to-end encryption has made it possible for Iranians to engage in open dialogue about politics without fear of government surveillance…
[M]y research in Iran on social media this past February indicates that the successful mobilization of reformist and moderate factions mostly occurred across channels with little to no connection with the elections and those specifically not devoted to political discussion.
Telegram’s particular appeal and power as an instrument of political organization lies in not only its online security but also its ease of use… The app organizes conversations by discrete channels, sorted into categories reflecting the dizzying variety of ordinary life. These groups soon began to intersect: the retired schoolteachers of District 6 in Tehran, say, naturally overlapping with the fanatics of the Persepolis football club and the members of the Sistan Baluchestan mountaineering society, all of them converging on the channel dedicated to “Stage,” a live-singing competition broadcast out of London and the latest obsession of Iranian audiences around the world.
To borrow from Robert Putnam, this bridging effect — a phenomenon in which diverse groups interact and increase their shared social capital — is important among Telegram users because retail politics continues to be the coin of the realm in Iran. The decision to vote tends to be deeply personal, very often made on behalf of a friend, relative or loved one at the last possible moment… Telegram amplifies these existing traditional networks rather than replacing them… Already gathered in a safe, non-politicized, place online, it is a small step for a handful of enthusiasts to mobilize acquaintances or “weak ties” using Telegram around a particular political faction.
For Iran’s reform movement, mobilization is a non-negotiable imperative as low turnout… always favors conservatives… The opposition begins each electoral cycle already in the hole… Making matters worse, these lost votes are roughly matched — 15 percent to 20 percent — by dyed-in-the-wool regime stalwarts who always vote, and always in favor of the conservatives.
Reformists simply cannot afford to leave any voter behind…
Telegram made this difficult work of mobilization much easier… Designed to be a medium of visual as well as textual exchange, Telegram’s architecture enabled organizers to bring an infectious joyousness to what was otherwise a serious and painstaking process of getting-out-the-vote, the proverbial slow boring of politics’ hard boards made more enjoyable by memes, animated videos and funny stickers featuring the endorsements of prominent celebrities and politicians. Initially produced for distribution on channels dedicated to the campaign, these quickly spread across the spectrum as ordinary users shared content that ranged from primers on the rudiments of voting to clips espousing the ethics of small change over large, to banners mocking hardline politicians.
They spread because they were entertaining. For example, a campaign calling itself Prevention is Better than a Cure featured memes made out of the outrageous statements of hardline MPs…
Telegram also played a critical role in rallying the vote through the distribution of voting lists… Absent a proper party system, the list ensured that votes for the reform and moderate camps would not be fractured on election day, a decision that likely facilitated their sweep of Tehran.
Of course, one might ask whether an app or any other corner of social media can be popular or powerful enough to correct a system with permanent, undemocratic features. It was always the dream of the neo-Tocquevillians that associational life would foster democratic souls… faith remains that civil society and social media can act as instruments of progressive change…
[I]n Iran… social media appears to have encouraged many Iranians to live lives at least partially in the public sphere. Tocqueville’s observation that Americans “of all ages, all conditions, and all dispositions constantly form associations” applies to the Iranians, at least in their online selves…
At least part of that excitement carries over into the political realm and was put to great effect in this last set of elections. If nothing else, the vote represents an act of faith that democracy can work in a country where it does not fully exist...
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The Comparative Government and Politics Review Checklist.
Two pages summarizing the course requirements to help you review and study for the final and for the big exam in May. . It contains a description of comparative methods, a list of commonly used theories
, a list of vital concepts, thumbnail descriptions of the AP6,
and
a description of the AP exam format
. $2.00.
Order HERE.
What You Need to Know: Teaching Tools, the original version and v2.0 are available to help curriculum planning.
Labels: civil society, democracy, Iran, politics, regime, voting
What does this suggest about the prospects for privatization?
If Nigeria is seeking outside investment, this report won't help.
Nigeria one of world’s worst places to do business — World Bank
The World Bank Doing Business Report 2016 says Nigeria remains one of the poorest business destinations in the world, improving marginally… from its ranking last year.
Out of 189 countries surveyed, Nigeria moved from 170th position… to 169…
While Nigeria’s ranking for starting business dropped eight places from 131st position in 2015 to 139th; dealing with construction permits remained unchanged at 175th spot as last year.
Getting electricity became more difficult in 2016, as the country fell in ranking from 181st position to 182nd, while registering property improved by four places from 185th to 181st, and getting credit gets is becoming tougher with a seven place drop in ranking from 52nd ranking to 59th…
Among the 189 countries surveyed, Singapore topped the ranking as the easiest destination for doing business, followed by New Zealand, Denmark, Korea Republic and Hong Kong SA China, with United Kingdom and United States coming closely in that order…
World Bank Chief Economist and Senior Vice President, Kaushik Basu, said although modern economies cannot function without regulation, businesses cannot be brought to a standstill through poor and cumbersome regulation…
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The Comparative Government and Politics Review Checklist.
Two pages summarizing the course requirements to help you review and study for the final and for the big exam in May. . It contains a description of comparative methods, a list of commonly used theories
, a list of vital concepts, thumbnail descriptions of the AP6,
and
a description of the AP exam format
. $2.00.
Order HERE.
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